Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical
Indicators
Divisions of Administrative Areas refer to the division of administrative areas
by the State. The relative laws stipulate that 1) the whole country is divided
into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government; 2) provinces and autonomous regions are further divided
into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities; 3)
autonomous prefectures are further divided into counties, autonomous counties
and cities; 4) counties and autonomous counties are further divided into
townships, ethnic townships and towns; 5) municipalities directly under the
Central Government and large cities are divided into districts and counties, 6)
the State shall, when necessary, establish special administrative regions.
Average Annual Growth Rate shows the average growth rate of social and economic
development during a longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain
based growth rate. The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed of Development
– 1
Average speed of development is the time series average
of speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference bases during
the different periods are not same, average speed of development can not be
calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative approach for calculating
average speed of development rate are applied. The “level approach”, or the
method of calculating the geometric average, is derived by the formula of
geometric average of the chain-based speeds of development, or comparing the
level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the
other is called the “accumulative approach” or the “algebraic average”,
“equation” method, which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of
each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year. The level
approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the accumulative approach
emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The
average annual growth rates listed in this statistical yearbook are calculated
by level approach except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The
base years are not listed when the years are listed for average annual growth
rates. For instance,the
average annual growth rate of 43 years since 1949 is listed as average annual
growth rate of 1950-1992 without listing the base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy
(GB/T 4754-2011) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2012 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 2002
classification, was organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into
consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial Classification
of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.4) of the United Nations. The new Classification
was promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine and the Standardization Administration of the
People's Republic of
Registration
Status of Enterprises (Units) Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded
enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and
enterprises with foreign investment, according to the registration status of an
enterprise in industrial and commercial administration agencies.
Domestic-funded enterprises include State-owned enterprises, collective-owned
enterprises, cooperative enterprises, joint ownership enterprises, limited
liability corporations, share-holding corporations Ltd., private enterprises
and other enterprises. Included in the enterprises with investment from Hong
Kong,
State-owned Enterprises refer to
non-corporation econo- mic
units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have been
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to
economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have been
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a
form of collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from
employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside,
where production is organized on the basis of independent operation,
independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work, democratic
management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration according to
work with dividend according to capital share.
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units
established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of
the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of
voluntary participation , equality, and mutual
benefits. They include State joint ownership enterprises; collective joint
ownership enterprises; joint State-collective enterprises; and other joint
ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic
units established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing limited
liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its
debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations include
exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Private Enterprises refer to
profit-making economic units invested and established by natural persons, or
controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded
enterprises registered in accordance with the Company Law, the Law on Partnership Business and Interim Regulations on Private
Enterprises.
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-fund-
ed economic units other than those mentioned above.
Joint Venture Enterprises(
Funds are from Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan .) are
enterprises established by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s
Republic of China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant
laws, where the establishment of the investment and the sharing of profits and
risks are stipulated under joint venture contracts.
Cooperative Enterprises(Funds
are from Hong Kong ,Macao orTaiwan .) established by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s
Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant
laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and the sharing of
profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive)
Investment from
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with
Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer
to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant
State regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macao or
Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of investment from
Joint Venture Enterprises with Foreign
Investment refer to
enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on
Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant laws, where the sharing
of investment, profits and risks is stipulated under contract.
Cooperative Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China
on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of
facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under
cooperative contract
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to
enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with
Foreign Investment
refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant
State regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds
25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Other Enterprises with Foreign Funds
refer to partnership enterprises established within the
Government Agencies, Institutions and
Social Organiz- ations are classified into the following categories by source of funds and
manner of management taking reference of the registration status of
enterprises:
(1)
Government agencies: include State and party agencies, classified in principle
as State-owned. There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives
which are classified as collective-owned.
(2)
Institutions: include institutions of various types est-
ablished with the approval by organization and
staffing departments of the government, but exclude institutions where
enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified
as follows:
(a) Institutions for which their main budgets are from government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Institutions for which their
budget mainly come from collective units.
Such institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c)
Social institutions established by individual or a group of citizens, which are
classified as private.
(d)
Institutions other than those mentioned above for which their sources of budget
are not clear. Such institutions are classified by the manner of management.
(3)
Social organizations: include social organizations established with the
approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations such as trades unions,
women’s fe- derations etc.. Social organizations are further classified as follows:
(a)
Social organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs such as trades unions, women
federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and commerce
associations, scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc.
foundations and fund management organizations established with funds from the
state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
state-owned.
(b)
Social organizations for whose their budget mainly comes from collective units.
Such institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c)
Social organizations established by individual or a group of citizens, which
are classified as private.
(d)
Social organizations other than those mentioned above for whose their source of
budget is not clear. Such organizations are classified by the manner of
management.
Each Plan Period recovery period refer to
1950-1952;the first five-year plan refer to 1953-1957;the second five-year plan
refer to 1958-1962;the third five-year plan refer to 1966-1970;the fourth
five-year plan refer to 1971-1975;
the fifth five-yaer plan refer to
1976-1980;the sixth five-year plan refer to 1981-1985;the seventh five-yaer plan refer to 1986-1990;the eighth five-yaer plan refer to 1991-1995;the ninth five-year plan refer
to 1996-2000;the tenth five-year plan refer to 2001-2005;the eleventh five-year
plan refer to 2006-2010;the twelvth five-yaer plan refer to 2011-2015.
Legal
person units refer
to unit that have following conditions:
(1) legally
Estabilished, have own name, organization, location
and can undertake a civil case responsibility independently by law.
(2) independently own and use (or authorizable usage)a
property, undertake liabilities and can make a bargain with other units.
(3) can independently account and workout balance sheet. artificial person unit Includes business artificial person, artifial person organization, artifial
person, meeting group artificial person and other.
Single
sector legal person
refer to the unit that have only one location and be engaged in one
kind of production mangement activity.
Multi-sector
legal person refer
to the unit that have 2 or above 2 locations,or
mainly be engaged in 2 kinds or above 2 kinds of production management activity,and who can be diviede 2
or above 2 establishment units.
Industrial
activity unit refer to the subsidiary unit of
legal person unit.It should have following
conditions:
(1)
Be engaged in only one kind of social economic activities in excusive conditon.
(2) Opposite independtly organize
management and business activity.
(3) Predominate data of business,such as income and expenditure ect.
Service refer
to the enterprises and prodution department for
production and selling the products.In the national
economy accounting,services for the third industry,other said that refers to all sectors except agriculture,industry and construction.