Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions
of Administrative Areas refer to the division of administrative areas by the State. The relative
laws stipulate that 1) the whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces
and autonomous regions are further divided into autonomous prefectures,
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further
divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) counties and
autonomous counties are further divided into townships, ethnic townships and
towns; 5) municipalities directly under the Central Government and large cities
are divided into districts and counties; 6) the State shall, when necessary,
establish special administrative regions.
Average
Annual Growth Rate shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during a
longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate.
The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed
of Development-1
Average speed of development is the time
series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference
bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of development
can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative
approach for calculating average speed of development rate are applied. The
“level approach”, or the method of calculating the geometric average, is
derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based speeds of
development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that
of the beginning year; the other is called the “accumulative approach” or the
“algebraic average”, “equation” method, which is derived by the summation of
the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the
base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the
accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in
this statistical yearbook are calculated by level approach except for the
growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base years are not listed when
the years are listed for average annual growth rates. For instance,the average annual growth rate of 43 years since
1949 is listed as average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without listing the
base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2011) is introduced starting from the compilation of
2012 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 2002 classification, was
organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the International Standards of the
Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.4) of the
United Nations. The new Classification was promulgated by the National
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
Registration
Status of Enterprises (Units) Enterprises are
classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises
with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and enterprises with foreign
investment, according to the registration status of an enterprise in industrial
and commercial administration agencies. Domestic-funded enterprises include
State-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises,
joint ownership enterprises, limited liability corporations, share-holding
corporations Ltd., private enterprises and other enterprises. Included in the
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong,
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are
owned by the state and which have been registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the
assets are owned collectively and which have been registered in accordance with
the Regulation of the People’s Republic
of
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic
units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares,
with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is
organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system
that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according to
capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by two or more corporate enterprises
or corporate institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint
investment on the basis of voluntary participation , equality, and mutual
benefits. They include State joint ownership enterprises; collective joint
ownership enterprises; joint State-collective enterprises; and other joint
ownership enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors
and registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration
of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and
the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its
total assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded
limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to
economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management
of Registration of Corporations,
with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through
issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation
depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its
debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural
persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded
enterprises registered in accordance with the Company Law, the Law on Partnership
Business and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-fund- ed economic units other than those mentioned
above.
Joint
Venture Enterprises( Funds are from Hong Kong, Macao
or Taiwan) are enterprises established by investors
from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the People’s
Republic of China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant
laws, where the establishment of the investment and the sharing of profits and
risks are stipulated under joint venture contracts.
Cooperative
Enterprises(Funds are from Hong Kong ,Macao or Taiwan) established by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual
Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of
facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under
cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to share-holding
corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the former Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations,
where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan businessmen
exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the
share of investment from
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly established
by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of
Cooperative
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or
foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law
of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and
other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and the
sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contract
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with
Foreign Investment refer to share-holding
corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the former Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations,
where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total
registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment
is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be
classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Other
Enterprises with Foreign Funds refer to partnership
enterprises established within the
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are
classified into the following categories by source of funds and manner of
management taking reference of the registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include State and
party agencies, classified in principle as State-owned. There are exceptions,
such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as collective-owned.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of
various types est- ablished
with the approval by organization and staffing departments of the government,
but exclude institutions where enterprise management system is introduced.
Institutions are further classified as follows:
(a) Institutions for which their main
budgets are from government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or
allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such
institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Institutions for which their budget
mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
collective-owned.
(c) Social institutions established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Institutions other than those mentioned
above for which their sources of budget are not clear. Such institutions are
classified by the manner of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as trades unions, women’s fe- derations etc.. Social
organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations of the Ministry of Civil
Affairs such as trades unions, women federations, communist youth leagues,
youth associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientists
associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc.foundations
and fund management organizations established with funds from the state, and
social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Social organizations for whose their
budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
collective-owned.
(c) Social organizations established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Social organizations other than those
mentioned above for whose their source of budget is not clear. Such
organizations are classified by the manner of management.
Each
Plan Period
recovery period refer to 1950-1952;the first five-year plan refer to
1953-1957;the second five-year plan refer to 1958-1962;the third five-year plan
refer to 1966-1970;the fourth five-year plan refer to 1971-1975; the fifth five-yaer
plan refer to 1976-1980;the sixth five-year plan refer to 1981-1985;the seventh
five-yaer plan refer to 1986-1990;the eighth five-yaer plan refer to 1991-1995;the ninth five-year plan refer
to 1996-2000;the tenth five-year plan refer to 2001-2005;the eleventh five-year
plan refer to 2006-2010;the twelvth five-yaer plan refer to 2011-2015.
Legal
person units refer to unit that have following conditions:
(1) legally Estabilished,have own name,organization,location
and can undertake a civil case responsibility independently by law.
(2) independently
own and use (or authorizable usage)a property,undertake liabilities and can make a bargain with
other units.
(3) can
independently account and workout balance sheet.artificial
person unit Includes business artificial person,artifial
person organization,artifial person,meeting
group artificial person and other.
Single
sector legal person refer to the unit that have only one location and be engaged in one kind
of production mangement activity.
Multi-sector
legal person refer to the unit that have 2 or above 2 locations,or
mainly be engaged in 2 kinds or above 2 kinds of production management activity,and who can be diviede 2
or above 2 establishment units.
Industrial
activity unit refer to the subsidiary unit of legal
person unit.It should have following conditions:
(1) Be engaged in only one kind of social
economic activities in excusive conditon.
(2) Opposite independtly
organize management and business activity.
(3) Predominate data of business,such as income and expenditure ect.
Service refer to the
enterprises and prodution department for production
and selling the products.In the national economy accounting,services for the third industry,other
said that refers to all sectors except agriculture,industry
and construction.