Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Administrative
Division refers to the division of admin- istrative
areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided as: 1) The whole
Country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are
divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships,
nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided
into districts and counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish
special administrative regions.
Average Annual Growth
Rate
Two methods for calcul- ating average annual growth rate are applied in China,one
is often called level approachor the method of
calculating geometric average,which is derived by
comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning
year;the other is calledaccumulative
approach or algebraic average or equation method,which
is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval
divided by the figure in the base year.Usually the results calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed sharply when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in growth.
The average annual growth rates listed in this
statistical yearbook are calculated by level approach except for the growth
rate of investment in fixed assets. The base years are not listed when the
years are listed for average annual growth rates. For instance,the average annual growth rate of 43 years since
1949 is listed as average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without listing the
base year 1949.And the analogy of this is also the same for the rest of the
years.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002)
is introduced starting from the compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The new
revision was based on the 1994 classification and organized by the National
Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the International Standards
of the Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations, and the new Classification was promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of the Industrial
Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major
divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups, including 4 new major
divisions, 3 new divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups.
Registration Status
of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises,
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation econo- mic
units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the
assets are owned collectively and which have regist- ered in accordance with the Regulation of the
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic
units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares,
with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is
organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share.
Joint Ownership
Enterprises refer to economic units established by
two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or
different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality,
voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership
enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective
enterprises, other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability
Corporations refer to economic units established
with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on the Management of Registration
of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to
economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural
persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership
enterprises and private-funded enterprises
registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law
and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other Domestic-funded
Enterprises refer to domesticfund- ed economic units other than those mentioned
above.
Joint-venture Enterprises
with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to enterprises jointly established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau
and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with
the Law of the Peoples Republic of
China on Sino-foreign Joint Venture Enter- prises and
other relevant laws, where the share of investment, profits and risks is
stipulated in the contract.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China
on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the
investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits and risks is
stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with Sole
(exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with
Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval
from the Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line with
relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau
or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners
with enterprises in the mainland of
Cooperation
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners
with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the
Peoples Republic of China on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other
relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities, and the share
of profits and risks is stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with Sole
(exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established in the mainland of
Shareholding Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from
the Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line with relevant
state regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds
25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Government Agencies,
Institutions and Social Organiz- ations are classified into following
categories by source of funds and way of management taking reference of the re-
gistration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include state and party agencies,
classified in principle as “state-owned”. There are exceptions, such as supply
and marketing cooperatives which are classified as “collective”.
(2) Institutions:
include institutions of various types est- ablished with the approval by organization and staffing
departments of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise
management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as
follows:
(a) Institutions
whose main budget is listed in the govern- ment budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or
allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such
institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Institutions whose budget mainly comes from collective
units. Such institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c) Institutions other than those mentioned above whose
source of budget is not clear. Such institutions are
classified by way of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social organizations
established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and
organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as Trades unions, women’s fe- derations etc. Social organizations are further classified
as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not covered by social organization
management regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs such as Trades unions,
women’s federations, communist youth leagues,
youth associations, industrial and commerce
associations, scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc.foundations and
fund management organizations established with funds from the state, and social
organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Social organizations whose budget mainly comes from
collective units. Such institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c) Social organizations established by individual or a
group of citizens, which are classified as “private”.
(d) Social organizations other than those mentioned above whose source
of budget is not clear. Such organizations are
classified by way of management.
Each Plan Period recovery
period refer to 1950-1952;the first five-year plan refer to 1953-1957;the
second five-year plan refer to 1958-1962;the third five-year plan refer to
1966-1970;the fourth five-year plan refer to 1971-1975;the fifth five-year plan
refer to 1976-1980;the sixth five-year plan refer to 1980-1985;the seventh
five-year plan refer to 1986-1990;the eighth five-year plan refer to 1991-1995;the
ninth five-year plan refer to 1996-2000;the tenth five-year plan refer to
2001-2005;the eleventh five-year plan refer to 2006-2010the twelvth
five-year plan refer to 2011-2015.
enterprises Climate Survey It is a
statistics survey, which compile the climate index by regular paper survey to a
section of entrepreneurs, based on entrepreneur’s judgement
and forecast to the production situation of their own enterprises and the
macro-economy situation, and thus we can analyse and
predict the current situation and future trend of the economic performance.
Business climate index It is the quantitative
disposition and compilation of the qualitative economic indicators of the
business climate survey, which can improve a comprehensive description of the real
situation or the future trend of a special survey group or a social and
economic phenomenon. The business climate index is ranging from 0 to 200. 100
is the critical value, when the climate index is larger than 100, it shows that
the economic performance is picking up or improving. When it is lower than 100,
it shows that the economic performance is declining or worsening.
Entrepreneur confidence index also called as the macro-economy climate index. It is
a index based on entrepreneur’s recognition, opinion, judgement and forecast to the market circumstances and macro-policies, It is a comprehensive desc-ryption of the entrepreneur’s impression and confidents of the macro-economy circumstances .
Business climate index also called as the
comprehensive production and management climate index of enterprises. It is
compiled basing on entrepreneur’s judgement on
production situation of their own expectation for the future performance. It is
the description of the comprehensive production and management situation of the
enterprises.