Explanatory Notes on Main
Statistical Indicators
Administrative
Division refers to the division of administrative
areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s
Republic of China stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided
as: 1) The whole Country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and
autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties,
autonomous counties and cities; 3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties
are divided into townships, nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities
and large cities are divided into districts and counties, 6) The state shall,
when necessary, establish special administrative regions.
Average Annual Growth Rate Two methods for calculating average annual growth rate are applied in China,one
is often called level approachor the method of
calculating geometric average,which is derived by
comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning
year;the other is calledaccumulative
approach or algebraic average or equation method,which
is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval
divided by the figure in the base year.Usually the
results calculated by the two methods are fairly
close, but they differed sharply when uneven economic development occurred with
striking fluctuations in growth.
The average annual growth rates listed in this
statistical yearbook are calculated by level approach except for the growth
rate of investment in fixed assets. The base years are not listed when the
years are listed for average annual growth rates. For instance,the
average annual growth rate of 43 years since 1949 is listed as average annual
growth rate of 1950-1992 without listing the base year 1949.And the analogy of
this is also the same for the rest of the years.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial
Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting
from the compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The new revision was based on
the 1994 classification and organized by the National Bureau of Statistics
taking into consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations, and
the new Classification was promulgated by the National Administration of Quality
Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of
the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is
composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups,
including 4 new major divisions, 3 new divisions, 28 major groups and 67
groups.
Registration Status of Enterprises Enterprises
are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded
enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the state and
which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the
Collective-owned Enterprises refer
to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic
units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares,
with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is
organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share.
Joint Ownership
Enterprises refer to economic units established by
two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or
different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality,
voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership
enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective
enterprises, other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability
Corporations refer to economic units established
with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the Peoples Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability
corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership
enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance
with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations
on Private Enterprises .
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded
economic units other than those mentioned above.
Joint-venture Enterprises with Funds from
Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer
to enterprises jointly established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and
Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on
Sino-foreign Joint Venture Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the share
of investment, profits and risks is stipulated in the contract.
Cooperative Enterprises with Funds from Hong
Kong Macau and Taiwan established
by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland
of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on
Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the
investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits and risks is
stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive) Investment
from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with
Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd.
established with the approval from the Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic
Relations in line with relevant state regulations, where the share of
investment from Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total
registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of investment from
Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture Enterprises with Foreign
Investment refer
to enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of
Cooperation Enterprises with Foreign
Investment refer
to enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples
Republic of China on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant
laws, where the investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits
and risks is stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive) Foreign
Investment refer
to enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Foreign
Investment refer
to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line with relevant state
regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25%
of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Government Agencies, Institutions and Social
Organizations are classified
into following categories by source of funds and way of management taking
reference of the registration status of enterprises:
(1)
Government agencies: include state and party agencies, classified in principle
as “state-owned”. There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing
cooperatives which are classified as “collective”.
(2)
Institutions: include institutions of various types established with the
approval by organization and staffing departments of the government, but exclude
institutions where enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are
further classified as follows:
(a)
Institutions whose main budget is listed in the government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
“state-owned”.
(b)
Institutions whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are
classified as “collective”.
(c)
Institutions other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not
clear. Such institutions are classified by way of management.
(3)
Social organizations: include social organizations established with the
approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations such as Trades unions,
women’s federations etc. Social organizations are further classified as
follows:
(a)
Social organizations that are not covered by social organization management regulations of the
Ministry of Civil Affairs such as Trades unions, women’s federations, communist
youth leagues, youth associations,
industrial and commerce associations,
scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc.foundations and
fund management organizations established with funds from the state, and social
organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b)
Social organizations whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such
institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c)
Social organizations established by individual or a group of citizens, which
are classified as “private”.
(d) Social
organizations other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not
clear. Such organizations are classified by way of management.
Enterprises
Climate Survey It is
a statistics survey, which compile the climate index by regular paper
survey to a section of entrepreneurs, based on entrepreneur’s judgement and forecast to the production situation of their
own enterprises and the macro-economy situation, and thus we can analyse and predict the current situation and future trend
of the economic performance.
Business
climate index It is
the quantitative disposition and compilation of the qualitative economic
indicators of the business climate survey, which can improve a comprehensive
description of the real situation or the future trend of a special survey group
or a social and economic phenomenon. The business climate index is ranging from
0 to 200. 100 is the critical value, when the climate index is larger than 100,
it shows that the economic performance is picking up or improving. When it is
lower than 100, it shows that the economic performance is declining or
worsening.
Entrepreneur
confidence index also
called as the macro-economy climate index. It is a
index based on entrepreneur’s recognition, opinion, judgement
and forecast to the market circumstances and macro-policies, It is a
comprehensive descryption of
the entrepreneur’s impression and confidents of the macro-economy circumstances
.
Business
climate index also called as the comprehensive production and
management climate index of enterprises. It is compiled basing on entrepreneur’s
judgement on production situation of their own
expectation for the future performance. It is the description of the
comprehensive production and management situation of the enterprises.