Explanatory Notes on Main
Statistical Indicators
Administrative
Division refers to the division of administrative
areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided as: 1) The whole
Country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are
divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships,
nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided
into districts and counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish
special administrative regions.
Average
Annual Growth Rate Two methods for calculating
average annual growth rate are applied in China,one
is often called level approachor the method of
calculating geometric average,which is derived by
comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning
year;the other is calledaccumulative
approach or algebraic average or equation method,which
is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval
divided by the figure in the base year.Usually the
results calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed
sharply when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in
growth.
The average annual growth rates listed in
this statistical yearbook are calculated by level approach except for the
growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base years are not listed when
the years are listed for average annual growth rates. For instance,the average annual growth rate of 43 years since
1949 is listed as average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without listing the
base year 1949.And the analogy of this is also the same for the rest of the
years.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T
4754-2002) is introduced starting from the compilation of 2003 annual
statistics. The new revision was based on the 1994 classification and organized
by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the
International Standards of the Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations, and the new Classification was
promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of the Industrial
Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major
divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups, including 4 new major
divisions, 3 new divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups.
Registration
Status of Enterprises Enterprises
are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises,
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units
where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the
assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic
units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares,
with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is
organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system
that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according to
capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units
established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of
the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of
equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint
ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint
state-collective enterprises, other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units
established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance
with the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on the Management of
Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the
corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability
corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and
other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China
on the Management of Registration
of Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and
raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are
private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations
Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered
in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim
Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to
domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to enterprises jointly established by investors from Hong
Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance
with the Law
of the Peoples Republic of China on Sino-foreign Joint Venture Enterprises and
other relevant laws, where the share of investment, profits and risks is
stipulated in the contract.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan ,
established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in
the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of
China on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where
the investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits and risks
is stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the
approval from the Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line
with relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong,
Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to
enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of
Cooperation
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to
enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples
Republic of China on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant
laws, where the investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits
and risks is stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to
enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to
share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the Ministry
of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line with relevant state
regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25%
of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into following
categories by source of funds and way of management taking reference of the
registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include state and
party agencies, classified in principle as “state-owned”.
There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified
as “collective”.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of
various types established with the approval by organization and staffing
departments of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise
management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as
follows:
(a) Institutions whose main budget is listed
in the government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated
from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such institutions are
classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Institutions whose budget mainly comes
from collective units. Such institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c) Institutions other than those mentioned
above whose source of budget is not clear. Such
institutions are classified by way of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as Trades unions, women’s federations etc.. Social
organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations of the Ministry of Civil
Affairs such as Trades unions, women’s federations, communist youth leagues,
youth associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientists
associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund
management organizations established with funds from the state, and social
organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Social organizations whose budget mainly
comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c) Social organizations established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as “private”.
(d) Social organizations other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear. Such organizations are classified by way of management.