Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Gross Output Value of Farming,
Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total value of products
of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, which reflects the total scale
and result of agricultural production during a given period. Gross output value
of agriculture is obtained by first multiplying the output of each product or
by product by its price, resulting in t he output
value of each s ingle item. For a small number of products, annual output of
which is not available or difficult to get due to the long production growing
process involved, t he output value is estimated through an indirect approach.
The sum of out put value of all products of farming, forestry, animal
husbandry, and fishery is then equal to the gross output value of agriculture.
Prior to 1957, Chinas gross agricultural output value included barnyard manure
and handicraft products for self-consumption (clothes, shoes, stockings, and
initial grain processing undertaken by peasants). Since 1958, cutting and
felling of bamboo and trees by villages and other cooperative organizations
under villages have been included in forestry; value of barnyard manure has
been excluded from animal husbandry; self consumed handicraft s has been
excluded from sideline occupations, while the output value of industries run by
villages and cooperative organizations under village had been included inside
line occupations and the out put value of fish catches by motor fishing boats
has been added to fishery. Since 1980, the value of handicraft products made
for sale by individuals in households had been added to sideline occupations.
Since 1984, industries run by villages and under villages have been included in
the sector of industry. Since 1993, the subdivision of sideline occupations has
been canceled, and the hunting of wild animals has been classified into animal
husbandry, and the gathering of wild plants and commodity industry run by rural
household have been included in farming. The firs t agriculture census of
Grain Output refers to the total output
of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as well as
tubers and bean in the whole region including grains produced by state farms,
collective units, industrial enterprises and mines. Output of beans refers to
dry beans without pods. The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and potatoes, not
including taros and cassava) was converted into that of grain at the ratio 4:1,
i.e. 4 kilograms of fresh tubers was equivalent to 1 kilogram of grain up to
1963. Since 1964 the ratio for conversion has been 5:1.Tubers supplied as
vegetables (such as potatoes) in cities and suburbs are calculated as fresh
vegetables and their output is not included in the output of grain. Output of
all other grains refers to husked grain. Data on grain production before 1989
were obtained through Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System, since then,
sample survey data are used.
Cotton Output refers to the cotton
production in the whole Region including cotton sown in spring and in autumn.
Output is measured as the weight of ginned cotton. Three kilograms of
seed-cotton are equivalent to 1 kilogram of ginned cotton, excluding ceiba.
Output of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total
production of oil-bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in
shell) rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil-bearing
crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not included.
Output of Aquatic Products refers to catches of both
artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including fish,
shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed.
Freshwater plants are not included. Data on output of aquatic products are
reported by aquatic product and statistical agencies level by level. Before
1995, among the shellfish, the oyster was counted as fresh meat; 5 kilograms of
ark shell, clams and frogs are equivalent to 1 kilogram of fresh aquatic
products; they are all counted as fresh aquatic products since1996.
Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of
slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats wit h head, feet, and offal taken
away. The statistical scope is of the whole society. The first agriculture
census of
Number of Livestock or Poultry in
Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the total number of large animals, pigs, sheep,
fowls, etc. raised by rural cooperative organizations, state farms, rural
individuals, government agencies, schools, industrial and mining enterprises,
army, and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period.
Data reporting system and data adjustment are the same as that in the output of
pork, beef and mutton.
Regularly Cultivated Land refers to farmland among
the total land resources, which is exclusively used for farming and is under
regular cultivation with harvest in normal years. Include dare currently
cultivated land, land that has been abandoned or put in idle for less than 3
years and could be re-used for cultivation at any time, and new-claimed land
that has been put into cultivation for more than 3 years. According to
statistical coverage, it includes the gouges, dykes, roads and ridges of field
with 1 meter wide in Southern areas and 2 meters wide in Northern areas.
Excluded under this category are steep slope land over 25 degrees under
temporary cultivation, land (large or small plots) that is claimed along river
bends, lake sides or banks of reservoirs, as well as land that has been
designated under the "Green for Grain" programs of the state and
provincial governments but is still temporarily under cultivation. The
regularly cultivated land is the key protection land of the nation, which
reflects the comprehensive productivity of agriculture of
Sown Area of Crops refers to area of land
sown or transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or no
cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also
included. The indicator can reflect the utilization condition of the cultivated
land in
Irrigated Area refers to areas that are
effectively irrigated, i.e. level land, which has water source and complete
sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation
purpose under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, irrigated area is the
sum of watered fields and irrigated fields where irrigation systems or
equipment have been installed for regular irrigation purpose. This indicator
can reflect drought resistance capacity of the cultivated land in
Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers
in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture in
the year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash
fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of chemical fertilizers is
required in calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100%
effective component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer,
100%phosphorous pent oxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100%potassium
oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its
major component. The formula is:
Volume
of effective component = physical quantity X effective component of certain
chemical fertilizer (%)
Total Power of Farm Machinery refers to total
mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and
fishery, including ploughing, irrigation and
drainage, harvesting, transport, plant protection, stock breeding, forestry and
fishery. The power of internal combust ion engines is required to convert
horsepower into watts and the power of electric motors is required to be
converted into watts. Machinery employed for non-agricultural purposes, such as
the machines used in township run and village-run industry, construction,
nonagricultural transport, scientific experiments and teaching, is excluded.
Data are mainly from agricultural machinery agencies.
Rural Employed Persons refer to rural labor
forces aged over 16 years old who are engaged in real production and management
activities and receive payment in kind or wages, including those covered within
the age frame and regularly participating in production activities, and those
who are out of the range of age frame and also participating in production
activities regularly. Excluding students studying in other places with their
permanent residence registered in local areas, servicemen and persons incapable
of working; also excluding those who are waiting for jobs and those engaged in
household work. Persons employed are classified as rural employed persons;
industrial employed persons; construction industry employed persons; transport,
storage and telecommunications industries employed persons; whole sales and
retail sales Trades and catering industry employed persons and others according
to the longest period of persons engaged in major activities (or using income
indicator when periods are the same).
Township Enterprises refer to collective
economic organization in rural areas or various enterprises bearing the
responsibilities of supporting the agricultural sector in town (including
related village), which mainly invested by farmers. The share of rural economic
organizations or farmers should account for over50%, if it were below 50%,it should play the leading role or hold the share. Those
enterprises include: township enterprises, village enterprises, joint-household
enterprises, household (private, individual) enterprises; and also the joint
venture enterprises with various ownerships among above-mentioned enterprises,
or with state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises, private
enterprises and foreign funded (including