Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Administrative Division refers to the division of administrative
areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided as: 1) The whole
Country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are
divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships,
nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided
into districts and counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish
special administrative regions.
Average Annual Growth Rate Two methods for calculating average
annual growth rate are applied in China,one is often
called level approachor the method of calculating
geometric average,which is derived by comparing the
level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year;the other is calledaccumulative
approach or algebraic average or equation method,which
is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval
divided by the figure in the base year.Usually the
results calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed
sharply when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in
growth.
The average annual growth
rates listed in this statistical yearbook are calculated by level approach
except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base years are
not listed when the years are listed for average annual growth rates. For instance,the average annual growth
rate of 43 years since 1949 is listed as average annual growth rate of
1950-1992 without listing the base year 1949.And the analogy of this is also
the same for the rest of the years.
Industrial Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification
of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The new revision was based on the 1994
classification and organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into
consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial Classification
of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations, and the new
Classification was promulgated by the National Administration of Quality
Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of
the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is
composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups,
including 4 new major divisions, 3 new divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups.
Registration Status of Enterprises Enterprises
are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises,
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic
units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the
assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective
economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their
shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production
is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share.
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established
by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or
different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality,
voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership
enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective
enterprises, other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established
with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on the Management of Registration
of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of
Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and
raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic
units invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural
persons using employed labour. Included in this
category are private limited liability corporations, private share-holding
corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded
enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership
Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises
.
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic
units other than those mentioned above.
Joint-venture Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau
and Taiwan
refer to enterprises jointly established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and
Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the
Peoples Republic of China on Sino-foreign Joint Venture Enterprises and other
relevant laws, where the share of investment, profits and risks is stipulated
in the contract.
Cooperative Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan , established by investors
from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Sino-foreign
Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision
of facilities, and the share of profits and risks is stipulated in the
cooperative contract.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong,
Macau and
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong
Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with
the approval from the Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line
with relevant state regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong,
Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises
jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in
the mainland of
Cooperation Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises
jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China
on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the
investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits and risks is
stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises
established in the mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding
corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the Ministry of Foreign
Trades and Economic Relations in line with relevant state regulations, where
the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total
registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment
is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be
classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Government Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations
are classified into following categories by source of funds and way of
management taking reference of the registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies:
include state and party agencies, classified in principle as “state-owned”.
There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are
classified as “collective”.
(2) Institutions: include
institutions of various types established with the approval by organization and
staffing departments of the government, but exclude institutions where
enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified
as follows:
(a) Institutions whose
main budget is listed in the government budget appropriations or extra-budget
funds, or allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies.
Such institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Institutions whose
budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
“collective”.
(c) Institutions other
than those mentioned above whose source of budget is
not clear. Such institutions are classified by way of management.
(3) Social organizations:
include social organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of
Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not covered by social organization
management regulations such as Trades unions, women’s federations etc.. Social
organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations
that are not covered by social organization management regulations of the
Ministry of Civil Affairs such as Trades unions, women’s federations, communist
youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and commerce associations,
scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and
fund management organizations established with funds from the state, and social
organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Social organizations
whose budget mainly comes from collective units. Such institutions are
classified as “collective”.
(c) Social organizations
established by individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as
“private”.
(d) Social organizations
other than those mentioned above whose source of budget is
not clear. Such organizations are classified by way of management.