Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Gross
Output Value of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total value of products of farming,
forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, which reflects the total scale and
result of agricultural production during a given period. Gross output value of
agriculture is obtained by first multiplying the output of each product or by
product by its price, resulting in t he output value of each s ingle item. For
a small number of products, annual output of which is not available or
difficult to get due to the long production growing process involved, t he
output value is estimated through an indirect approach. The sum of out put
value of all products of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery is
then equal to the gross output value of agriculture. Prior to 1957, Chinas
gross agricultural output value included barnyard manure and handicraft
products for self-consumption (clothes, shoes, stockings, and initial grain
processing undertaken by peasants). Since 1958, cutting and felling of bamboo
and trees by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages have
been included in forestry; value of barnyard manure has been excluded from
animal husbandry; self consumed handicraft s has been excluded from sideline
occupations, while the output value of industries run by villages and
cooperative organizations under village had been included inside line
occupations and the out put value of fish catches by motor fishing boats has
been added to fishery. Since 1980, the value of handicraft products made for
sale by individuals in households had been added to sideline occupations. Since
1984, industries run by villages and under villages have been included in the
sector of industry. Since 1993, the subdivision of sideline occupations has
been canceled, and the hunting of wild animals has been classified into animal
husbandry, and the gathering of wild plants and commodity industry run by rural
household have been included in farming. The firs t agriculture census of
Grain
Output refers to the total
output of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as
well as tubers and bean in the whole region including grains produced by state
farms, collective units, industrial enterprises and mines. Output of beans
refers to dry beans without pods. The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and
potatoes, not including taros and cassava) was converted into that of grain at
the ratio 4:1, i.e. 4 kilograms of fresh tubers was equivalent to 1 kilogram of
grain up to 1963. Since 1964 the ratio for conversion has been 5:1.Tubers
supplied as vegetables (such as potatoes) in cities and suburbs are calculated
as fresh vegetables and their output is not included in the output of grain.
Output of all other grains refers to husked grain. Data on grain production
before 1989 were obtained through Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System,
since then, sample survey data are used.
Cotton
Output refers to the cotton
production in the whole Region including cotton sown in spring and in autumn.
Output is measured as the weight of ginned cotton. Three kilograms of
seed-cotton are equivalent to 1 kilogram of ginned cotton, excluding ceiba.
Output
of Oil-bearing Crops
refers to the total production of oil-bearing crops of various kinds, including
peanuts, (dry, in shell) rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and
other oil-bearing crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody plants, and wild
oil-bearing crops are not included.
Output
of Aquatic Products
refers to catches of both artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic
products, including fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water
as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are not included. Data on output of
aquatic products are reported by aquatic product and statistical agencies level
by level. Before 1995, among the shellfish, the oyster was counted as fresh
meat; 5 kilograms of ark shell, clams and frogs are equivalent to 1 kilogram of
fresh aquatic products; they are all counted as fresh aquatic products
since1996.
Output
of Pork, Beef, and Mutton
refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats wit h head,
feet, and offal taken away. The statistical scope is of the whole society. The
first agriculture census of
Number
of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the
total number of large animals, pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural
cooperative organizations, state farms, rural individuals, government agencies,
schools, industrial and mining enterprises, army, and urban residents at the
beginning (or end) of the reference period. Data reporting system and data
adjustment are the same as that in the output of pork, beef and mutton.
Regularly
Cultivated Land refers to farmland
among the total land resources, which is exclusively used for farming and is
under regular cultivation with harvest in normal years. Include dare currently
cultivated land, land that has been abandoned or put in idle for less than 3
years and could be re-used for cultivation at any time, and new-claimed land
that has been put into cultivation for more than 3 years. According to
statistical coverage, it includes the gouges, dykes, roads and ridges of field
with 1 meter wide in Southern areas and 2 meters wide in Northern areas.
Excluded under this category are steep slope land over 25 degrees under
temporary cultivation, land (large or small plots) that is claimed along river bends,
lake sides or banks of reservoirs, as well as land that has been designated
under the "Green for Grain" programs of the state and provincial
governments but is still temporarily under cultivation. The regularly
cultivated land is the key protection land of the nation, which reflects the
comprehensive productivity of agriculture of
Sown
Area of Crops refers to area of land
sown or transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or no
cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also
included. The indicator can reflect the utilization condition of the cultivated
land in
Irrigated
Area refers to areas that
are effectively irrigated, i.e. level land, which has water source and complete
sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation
purpose under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, irrigated area is the
sum of watered fields and irrigated fields where irrigation systems or
equipment have been installed for regular irrigation purpose. This indicator can
reflect drought resistance capacity of the cultivated land in
Consumption
of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied
in agriculture in the year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate
fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of
chemical fertilizers is required in calculation to convert the gross weight
into weight containing 100% effective component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in
nitrogenous fertilizer, 100%phosphorous pent oxide contents in phosphate
fertilizer, 100%potassium oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound
fertilizer is converted with its major component. The formula is:
Volume of effective component = physical quantity X
effective component of certain chemical fertilizer (%)
Total
Power of Farm Machinery
refers to total mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal
husbandry, and fishery, including ploughing, irrigation and drainage,
harvesting, transport, plant protection, stock breeding, forestry and fishery.
The power of internal combust ion engines is required to convert horsepower
into watts and the power of electric motors is required to be converted into
watts. Machinery employed for non-agricultural purposes, such as the machines
used in township run and village-run industry, construction, nonagricultural
transport, scientific experiments and teaching, is excluded. Data are mainly
from agricultural machinery agencies.
Rural
Employed Persons refer to rural labor
forces aged over 16 years old who are engaged in real production and management
activities and receive payment in kind or wages, including those covered within
the age frame and regularly participating in production activities, and those
who are out of the range of age frame and also participating in production
activities regularly. Excluding students studying in other places with their
permanent residence registered in local areas, servicemen and persons incapable
of working; also excluding those who are waiting for jobs and those engaged in
household work. Persons employed are classified as rural employed persons;
industrial employed persons; construction industry employed persons; transport,
storage and telecommunications industries employed persons; whole sales and retail
sales trade and catering industry employed persons and others according to the
longest period of persons engaged in major activities (or using income
indicator when periods are the same).
Township
Enterprises refer to collective economic organization in
rural areas or various enterprises bearing the responsibilities of supporting
the agricultural sector in town (including related village), which mainly
invested by farmers. The share of rural economic organizations or farmers
should account for over50%, if it were below 50%,it should play the leading
role or hold the share. Those enterprises include: township enterprises,
village enterprises, joint-household enterprises, household (private,
individual) enterprises; and also the joint venture enterprises with various
ownerships among above-mentioned enterprises, or with state-owned enterprises,
urban collective enterprises, private enterprises and foreign funded (including