Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical
Indicators
Gross
Output Value of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total value of products of farming, forestry, animal
husbandry and fishery, which reflects the total scale and result of
agricultural production during a given period. Gross output value of
agriculture is obtained by first multiplying the output of each product or by
product by its price, resulting in t he output value of each s ingle item. For
a small number of products, annual output of which is not available or
difficult to get due to the long production growing process involved, t he
output value is estimated through an indirect approach. The sum of out put
value of all products of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery is
then equal to the gross output value of agriculture. Prior to 1957, Chinas
gross agricultural output value included barnyard manure and handicraft
products for self-consumption (clothes, shoes, stockings, and initial grain processing
undertaken by peasants). Since 1958, cutting and felling of bamboo and trees by
villages and other cooperative organizations under villages have been included
in forestry; value of barnyard manure has been excluded from animal husbandry;
self consumed handicraft s has been excluded from sideline occupations, while
the output value of industries run by villages and cooperative organizations
under village had been included inside line occupations and the out put value
of fish catches by motor fishing boats has been added to fishery. Since 1980,
the value of handicraft products made for sale by individuals in households had
been added to sideline occupations. Since 1984, industries run by villages and
under villages have been included in the sector of industry. Since 1993, the
subdivision of sideline occupations has been canceled, and the hunting of wild
animals has been classified into animal husbandry, and the gathering of wild
plants and commodity industry run by rural household have been included in
farming. The firs t agriculture census of
Grain
Output refers to the total output of rice, wheat, corn,
sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as well as tubers and bean in
the whole country including grains produced by state farms, collective units,
industrial enterprises and mines. Output of beans refers to dry beans without
pods. The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and potatoes, not including taros
and cassava) was converted into that of grain at the ratio 4:1, i.e. 4 kilograms
of fresh tubers was equivalent to 1 kilogram of grain up to 1963. Since 1964
the ratio for conversion has been 5:1.Tubers supplied as vegetables (such as
potatoes) in cities and suburbs are calculated as fresh vegetables and their
output is not included in the output of grain. Output of all other grains
refers to husked grain. Data on grain production before 1989 were obtained
through Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System, since then, sample survey
data are used.
Cotton
Output refers to t he cot ton product ion in the whole
country including cotton sown in spring and in autumn. Output is measured as
the weight of ginned cotton. Three kilograms of seed-cotton are equivalent to 1
kilogram of ginned cotton, excluding ceiba.
Output
of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total
production of oil-bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in
shell) rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil-bearing
crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not
included.
Output
of Aquatic Products refers to catches of both
artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including fish,
shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed.
Freshwater plants are not included. Data on output of aquatic products are
reported by aquatic product and statistical agencies level by level. Before
1995, among the shellfish, the oyster was counted as fresh meat; 5 kilograms of
ark shell, clams and frogs are equivalent to 1 kilogram of fresh aquatic
product s; t hey are all counted as fresh aquatic product s since1996.
Output
of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of
slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats wit h head, feet, and offal taken
away. The statistical scope is of the whole society. The first agriculture
census of
Number
of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the total number of large
animals, pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural cooperative organizations,
state farms, rural individuals, government agencies, schools, industrial and
mining enterprises, army, and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the
reference period. Data rep or ting system and data adjustment are the same as
that in the output of pork, beef and mutton.
Regularly
Cultivated Land refers to farmland among the total land resources,
which is exclusively used for farming and is under regular cultivation with
harvest in normal years. Include dare currently cultivated land, land that has
been abandoned or put in idle for less than 3 years and could be re-used for
cultivation at any time, and new-claimed land that has been put into
cultivation for more than 3 years. According to statistical coverage, it
includes the gouges, dykes, roads and ridges of field with 1 meter wide in
Southern areas and 2 meters wide in Northern areas. Excluded under this
category are steep slope land over 25 degrees under temporary cultivation, land
(large or small plots) that is claimed along river bends, lake sides or banks
of reservoirs, as well as land that has been designated under the "Green
for Grain" programs of the state and provincial governments but is still
temporarily under cultivation. The regularly cultivated land is the key
protection land of the nation, which reflects the comprehensive productivity of
agriculture of
Sown
Area of Crops refers t o area of land sown or transplanted with
crop s regardless of being in cultivated area or no cultivated area. Area of
land re-sown due to natural disasters is also included. The indicator can
reflect the utilization condition of the cultivated land in
Irrigated
Area refers to areas that are effectively irrigated, i.e.
level land, which has water source and complete sets of irrigation facilities
to lift and move adequate water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions.
Under normal conditions, irrigated area is the sum of watered fields and
irrigated fields where irrigation systems or equipment have been installed for
regular irrigation purpose. This indicator can reflect drought resistance
capaCity of the cultivated land in
Consumption
of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture
refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture in the y
ear, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer,
and compound fertilizer. The consumption of chemical fertilizers is required in
calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100% effective
component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer,
100%phosphorous pent oxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100%potassium
oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with it
s major component. The formula is:
Volume of effective component = physical quantity X
effective component of certain chemical fertilizer (%)
Total
Power of Farm Machinery refers to total mechanical
power of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery,
including ploughing, irrigation and drainage, harvesting, transport, plant
protection, stock breeding, forestry and fishery. The power of internal combust
ion engines is required to convert horsepower into watts and the power of
electric motors is required to be converted into watts. Machinery employed for
non-agricultural purposes, such as the machines used in township run and
village-run industry, construction, nonagricultural transport, scientific
experiments and teaching, is excluded. Data are mainly from agricultural
machinery agencies.
Rural
Employed Persons refer to rural labor forces aged over 16 years old
who are engaged in real production and management activities and receive
payment in kind or wages, including those covered within the age frame and
regularly participating in production activities, and those who are out of the
range of age frame and also participating in product ion activities regularly.
Excluding students studying in other places with their permanent residence
registered in local areas, servicemen and persons incapable of working; also excluding
those who are waiting for jobs and those engaged in household work. Persons
employed are classified as rural employed persons; industrial employed
persons; const ruction industry employed persons;
transport, storage and telecommunications industries employed persons; whole
sales and retail sales trade and catering industry employed persons and others
according to the longest period of persons engaged in major activities (or
using income indicator when periods are the same).
Township
Enterprises refer to collective economic organization in rural areas or various
enterprises bearing the responsibilities of supporting the agricultural sector
in t own (including related village), which mainly invest ed by farmers. The
share of rural economic organizations or farmers should account for over50%, if
it were below 50%, it should play the leading role or hold the share. Those
enterprises include: township enterprises, village enterprises, joint-household
enterprises, household (private, individual) enterprises; and also the joint
venture enterprises with various ownership s among above-mentioned enterprises,
or with state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises, private
enterprises and foreign funded (including