Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industry
refers to the material production sector which is engaged in extraction of
natural resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and
agricultural products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such
as mining, salt production, logging (but not including hunting and
fishing); (2) processing and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces,
such as rice husking, flour milling, wine making, oil pressing, cotton
ginning, silk reeling, spinning and weaving, and leather making; (3)
manufacture of industrial products, such as steel making, iron smelting,
chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine building, timber
processing; water and gas production and electricity generation and
supply; (4)repairing of industrial Produces such as the repairing of
machinery and means of transport (including cars).
Prior
to 1984, the rural industry run by villages and cooperative organizations
under village was classified into agriculture. Since 1984, it has been
grouped into industry.
Units of Industrial Statistics and Inquiry
They are classified into two categories (1) corporate industrial
enterprises with independent accounting system (2) industrial
establishments.
(1)
Corporate industrial enterprises with independent accounting system refer
to enterprises engaging in industrial production activities, which meet
the following requirements: ¢ÙThey are established legally, having their own names, organizations,
location, able to take civil liability; ¢ÚThey
possess and use their assets independently, assume liabilities, and are
entitled to sign contracts with other units; ¢ÛThey are financially independent and compile their own balance sheets.
(2)Industrial
establishments refer to economic units which located in one single place
and engaged entirely or primarily in one kind of industrial activity,
including financially independent industrial enterprises and units engaged
in industrial activities under the non industrial enterprises (or
financially dependent). Industrial establishments generally meet the
following requirements: ¢Ù
They have each one location and are engaged in one kind of industrial
activity each; ¢Ú
They operate and manage their industrial production activities separately;¢Û
They have accounts of income and expenditures separately.
(1)State-owned and state holding majority shares
enterprises refer to
state-owned enterprises and the enterprises which state holds majority
shares. State-owned enterprises (industry ownership by the whole people or
state-run industry) refers to
non-corporation economic units, where the entire assets are owned by the
state and which have registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People’s
Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate
Enterprises,
including the state-owned enterprise, sole state-funded corporation and
state-owned joint ownership enterprise. Joint state-private industries and
private industries, which existed before 1957, have been transformed into
state-run industries. Since 1992, those were named state-owned industries.
Statistics on these enterprises has been included in the state-industries
since 1957 when separation of data was no longer necessary.
(2)Collective-owned Enterprises refers
to industrial enterprises where the means of production are owned
collectively, including urban and rural enterprises invested by
collectives and some enterprises which were formerly owned privately but
have been registered in industrial and commercial administration agency as
collective units through raising fund from the public.
(3)Share -holding Corporations Ltd.
Refer to economic units registered in accordance with the
Regulation of the People’s
Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate
Enterprises,
with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised
throught issuing stocks. Each investor hears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Light Industry refers to the industry that produces consumer goods and hand
tools. It consists of two categories, depending on the materials used:
(1)Industries
using farm Produces as raw materials. These are branches of light industry
which directly or indirectly use farm Produces as basic raw materials,
including the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco processing,
textile, clothing, fur and leather manufacturing, paper making, printing,
etc.
(2)Industries
using non farm Produces as raw materials. These are branches of light
industry which use manufactured goods as raw materials, including the
manufacture of cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals,
synthetic fiber, chemical Produces for daily use, glass Produces for daily
use, metal Produces for daily use, hand tools, medical apparatus and
instruments, and the manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery.
Heavy Industry refers to the industry which produces capital goods, and
provides various sectors of the national economy with necessary material
and technical basis. It consists of the following three branches according
to the purpose of production or the use of products:
(1)Mining,
quarrying and logging industry refers to the industry that extracts
natural resources, including extraction of petroleum, coal,metal and
non-metal ores and logging.
(2)Raw
materials industry refers to the industry that proides various sectors of
the national economy with raw materials, fuels and power. It includes
smelting and processing of metals, coking and coke chemistry, chemical
materials and building materials such as cement, plywood, and power,
petroleum refining and coal dressing.
(3)Manufacturing
industry refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes
machine building industry which equips sectors of the national economy,
industries of metal structure and cement products, industries producing
means of agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. According to the above principle of classification, the
repairing trades which are engaged primarily in repairing Produces of
heavy industry are classified into heavy industry while these engaged in
repairing Produces of light industry are classified into light industry.
Gross Industrial Output Value is
the total volume of industrial Produces sold or available for sale in
value terms which reflects the total achievements and overall scale of
industrial production during a given period. It includes the value of the
finished products, which are not to be further processed in the
enterprises and have been inspected, packed and put in storage, the value
of industrial services rendered to other units, and the changes in the
value of the semi-finished Produces and Produces in process between the
beginning and closing of the period. The gross industrial output value is
calculated with factory method. No double calculations are to be made
within the same enterprise. However, double counting does occur among
different enterprises.
Output
value of light and heavy industries is also classified with the factory
method. Under normal conditions, if the major Produces of an industrial
enterprise belong to light industry products, the gross output value of
that enterprise is classified wholly into light industry; the same
principle applies to heavy industry.
Value-added of Industry refers to the final results of industrial production of the industrial
trade in money terms during the reference period.
Capital Obtained refers to capital actually received by the enterprise from
investors. It can be further classified by investors as state capital,
collective capital, corporate capital, individual capital, capital from
Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan and foreign capital.
Total Assets refer to all economic resources, owned or controlled by
enterprises, that could be measured in monetary terms, including
properties, creditors equity and other economic rights of all forms.
Classified by the degree of equitability, total assets include circulating
assets,long term investment,fixed assets,intangible assets and deferred
assets,and other assets.
(1)Circulating assets (working capital) refer
to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating
cycle of one year or over one year, including cash, all kinds of deposits,
short term investment, receivables, advance payment, stock, etc.
(2)Fixed assets refer to the net value of fixed assets, clearance of fixed
assets, project under construction, fixed assets losses in suspense. These
are corporations fund holdings.
(3)Intangible assets
refer to the assets without material form used by enterprises over a long
time, such as patents,non-patent technologies, trade marks,copyright, land
use right,business reputation,etc.
Total Liabilities refer to the debts, measured in monetary terms, that
enterprises are responsible for repayment
in the form of cash, assets or labour. Classified by terms of
repayment, liability include liquid liabilities and long-term liabilities.
(1)Liquid liabilities (also called quick liabilities
or immediate liabilities) refer
to enterprises total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or
over one year,including short term loans,payables and advance
payments,wages payable, taxes payable and profit payable, etc.
(2)Long term liabilities refers to total debt payable within an operating cycle of one
year or over one year,including long-term loans,payable liabilities,
long-term payables,etc.
Creditors Equity refers to investors ownership of net assets of the enterprise.
It is equal to the total assets of the enterprise minus its total
liabilities, including the primary input from investors, capital
accumulation fund, surplus accumulation fund and undistributed profit. It
is the shareholders equity in share-holding companies.
Original Value of Fixed Assets
refers to the original value of all fixed assets owned by
industrial enterprises, calculated at the cost paid at the time of
purchase, installation, reconstruction, expansion, and technical
innovation and transformation of the said assets, which includes expenses
on purchase, package, transportation, and installation, etc.
Net Value of Fixed Assets is
obtained by deducting depreciation over years from the original value of
fixed assets.
Working Capital (Circulating Assets)
refers
to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating
cycle of one year or over one year, which includes cash, various deposits,
short term investment, and receivable payments, and advance payments,
stock, etc.
Sales Revenue of Industrial Produces refers
to the revenue from the sales of Produces by industrial enterprises and
the revenue from services provided and etc.
Sales Cost of Industrial Produces refers
to the actual cost of Produces of industrial enterprises and industrial
services provided, etc..
Tax and Extra Charges on Sales of Produces refer
to the tax on city maintenance and construction, consumption tax,
resources tax and extra charges for education, which should be borne by
the enterprises in selling Produces and providing industrial services.
Sales Profit of Produces refers
to the profit gained by the enterprises by deducting cost, charges and
taxes from the business income of the enterprises obtained in selling
Produces and providing industrial services.
Total Profits refer to the profits gained by the enterprises.
Value-added Tax Payable refers to the amount of the value added tax which should be
paid by the enterprises in the reporting period.
Ratio of Profits, Taxes and Interests to Average
Assets reflects the profit-making
capability of all assets of the enterprise and is a key indicator
manifesting the performance and management and evaluating the
profit-making potential of the enterprise. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio
of profits, taxes and interests to average assets (%) = [(Total
profits+total Taxes+interest payment) ¡Â average assets ]¡Á100%
Ratio of Debts to Assets reflect
both the operation risk and the capability of the enterprise in making use
of the capital from the creditors. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio
of debts to assets (%) = (Total debts ¡Â total assets)¡Á100%
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers
to the ratio of profits realized in a given period to the total costs in
the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and
is calculated as follows:
Ratio
of Profits to Total Industrial Cost(%)=(Total Profits¡Â
Total Costs)¡Á100%
Value-added Rate of Industry
refers to the ratio of value added of industry in a given period to
the gross output value in the same period, which reflects the economic
efficiency of cutting down the intermediate input and is calculated as
follows:
Value-added
Rate of Industry(%)=[Value-added of Industry (at current prices) ] ¡Â
[Gross Output Value (at Current Prices)]¡Á100%
Turnover of Working Capital
refers
to the number of times of turnover of working capital in a given period of
time, which reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital and is
calculated as follows:
Turnover
of Working Capital(%)=(Sales Revenue of Products) ¡Â
(Average Balance of Total Working Capital)¡Á100%
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value
refers to the sales of industrial Produces to the gross industrial
output value during the reference period, and is important in reflecting
the linkage between production and sales and the extent of the needs of
the society that has been met by the supply of industrial products. It is
calculated as follows:
Ratio
of Sales to Gross Output Value=Industrial sales¡Â
Gross industrial output value (at current prices) ¡Á100%
Overall Labour Productivity of Industrial Enterprises refers to the average output per employed person in industrial
enterprises in value terms. At present, the value added and the average
number of staff and workers of an industrial enterprises in a given period
are used to calculate the overall labour productivity. The formula used
is:
Overall Labour Productivity=(Value Added of Industry) ¡Â
(Average Number of Staff and Workers)
¡¡
|