Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Length
of Railways
in Operation refers to the
total length of the trunk line under passenger and freight transportation
(including both full operation and temporary operation).The
calculation is based on the actual length of the first line even if this
line has a full or partial double track or more tracks,excluding double
tracks,station sidings, tracks under the charge of stations, branch lines,
special-purpose lines and the non-payable connecting lines. The length of
railways in operation is an important indicator to show the development of
the infrastructure for the railway transport,and also the essential data
to calculate volume of passenger freight transport,traffic density and
utilization efficiency of the locomotives and carriages.
Extenuation
Length of Trunk Lines refers to the sum of the
first,the second,the third lines and other constructed length of the trunk
railways,excluding the extenuation length of the station lines, lines
under the jurisdiction of depots, sidings and lines for special purpose.It
provides important information for the calculation of the needs for
rails,sleepers,sand and stone for the construction of railways.
Automatic-blocking
and Semi-automatic-blocking Length of Railways Blocking is a spacing technique by which a section of the
railway only allows one train to pass at a time,in order to ensure the
traffic safety. Automatic (semi-automatic) blocking length of railways
refers to railways installed with equipment to perform automatic or manual
blocking of trains,the proportion of automatic/semi-automatic
blocking length to the total length of railways in operation is an
important indicator to show the modernization of railways.
Length
of Highways refers
to the length of highways which are built in conformity with the grades
specified by the highway engineering standard formulated by the Ministry
of Communications, and
have been formally
checked and accepted by the departments of highways and put into use. The
length of highways includes that of the suburb highways at large and
medium-sized cities, highways passing through streets at small cities and
towns,and also the length of bridges and ferries.It does not include the
length of streets in big and medium-sized cities and highways built for
the production purpose at factories,mines,forest areas and agricultural
areas.If two or more highways go the same section of the way,the length of
the section is only calculated for once and no duplication is allowed. The
length of highways is an important indicator to show the development of
the highway construction and to provide essential information to calculate
the transport network density.
Length
of Civil Aviation Routes refers to the length of all
routes for regular civil aviation flights.There are usually two ways to
calculate the distance between airports connected by the route length: One
is to put the length of all air routes together, called duplicated
calculation of the length of the routes;the other is not to allow the
duplication in calculation when two or more routes passing the same
section of aviation routes. The latter is usually used,as it can precisely
show the size of the civil aviation network and indicate the extent of
civil aviation serving the national economy and the people.
Length
of Oil(Gas)Pipelines used as an indicator
to show the development,scale and level of the pipeline transportation, it
refers to the actual transport distance of oil(or gas)products,and is in
general calculated in the length of single pipe line. If the length of the
double pipelines and alternate pipeline are included, it is called the
extension length of the oil (gas) pipelines, which indicates the actual
length of the pipelines built, excluding double pipelines.
Freight(Passenger)Traffic
refers
to the volume of freight(passenger)transported with various means. Freight
transport is calculated in tons and passenger traffic is calculated in the
number of persons. Despite the type of freight and travelling distance,
the freight transport is calculated in the actual weight of the goods:and
despite the travelling distance and ticket price,the passenger traffic is
calculated by the principle that one person can be counted only once in
one travel. The passenger who travel with a half price ticket or a child
ticket is also calculated as one person. The freight (passenger) traffic
provides a quantitative measure to show how the transport industry serves
the national economy and people, and is also an important indicator for
planning the transport industry and for studying the development scale and
speed of the transport industry.
Freight
(Passenger)Traffic Density refers
to the freight (passenger) traffic volume carried by a particular means of
transportation during a given period through one kilometer of a specific
section of transportation route. The formula is as follows:
Freight
(Passenger) Traffic Density=[Freight Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers)] ÷(Length of Route in Operation)
Freight
(passenger) traffic density reflects the degree of business of freight
(passenger) traffic on transportation routes, and therefore provides
important information for balancing transport capability, planning
construction and upgrading of transport routes and studying the
distribution of transport network.
Freight
Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers) refer to the sum of the products of the volume of
transported cargo (passengers) multiplying by the transport
distance,usually using ton-kilometer and passenger-kilometer as units for
measurement.Normally, the shortest distance between the departure station
and the destination station (i.e., the payable distance) is the basis to
calculate the freight ton-kilometers. This is an important indicator to
show the total results of the transport industry,to prepare and examine
the transport plan and to measure the efficiency,the labour productivity
and the unit cost of transport.The formula is as follows:
Freight
Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers) =∑{Freight
(Passenger) Traffic x Distance of Transportation}
Measuring
unit: ton-kilometer (person-kilometer)
Static
Load of Freight Cars refers to the average
cargo weight as loaded by each freight car under the static condition at
the departure station. It is used to show the utilization extent of the
loading capacity of the freight cars. The formula is:
Static
Load(ton) of Freight Car＝(Tonnage of Goods Dispatched) ÷(Number
of Freight Cars Loaded)
The
static load of freight cars is determined by the nature and type of goods
loaded, the type of vehicles,and the technique of loading.The difference
between the average marked load and the static load of freight cars
reflects the utilization of loading capacity of freight cars.For its
calculation the following formula is applied:
Utilization
Rate of Capacity of
Freight Cars(％)=[(Average
Static Load)×100％]÷(Average
Marked Load)
Average
Daily Haul of Freight Locomotives refers to the average total ton-kilometers
accomplished by each freight transport locomotive over day and night
during a given period of time.It includes both the weight of the goods
carried and the dead weight of the train itself.It is a comprehensive
indicator reflecting the locomotive efficiency in terms of both time and
the pulling force.
Average
Daily Haul of Freight Transport Locomotive (ton-kilometer)=[(Total Ton (Kilometers of Freight)]
÷ (Daily Number of Freight Transport Locomotive)
Business
Volume of Post and Telecommunications refers to the total amount of post and
telecommunications services, expressed in value terms, provided by the
post and telecommunications departments for the society Post and
telecommunication services can be classified as letters, parcels,
remittance, issue of newspapers and magazines, fast mail service, express
mail service, savings deposits, stamps for collection, public and
individual telegraph service, facsimiles, long-distance telephone service,
leasing of telephone lines, urban paging service, mobile telephone
service, data transfer and transmission, etc. The accounting approach is
to multiply the service products of all types with their average unit
price (constant price) to get sum of business value, plus income from
other services such as leasing of telephone lines and equipment,
maintenance of telephone switchboards and lines on behalf of customers.
This indicator reflects the overall results of post and telecommunications
service during a given period, and is important to study the composition
of business service and the development of post and telecommunications
service.
The
formula is as follows:
Business Volume of Post and
Telecommunications
=∑(Transaction
of Post and Telecommunication Service ×
Constant Price) + Income from Leasing, Maintenance and other Services
Subscribers
of Paging Services refer to subscribers who
carry small-size pagers and receive audio signals,digital signals or
character signals sent out by city telephone through wireless paging
center within assigned area.Each pager is counted as a subscriber.
Mobile
Telephone Subscribers refer to the persons who
own mobile telephone number connected with the mobile telephone
communication network and have registered in mobile communication
enterprises. The number of subscribers is calculated only when the
subscribers who have gone through all the register formalities and entered
into the mobile telephone network. One mobile telephone is treated as a
subscriber.
Telephone
Subscribers refer
to subscribers that are connected to the public line telephone network
provided with telephone services. Before 1997, telephone subscribers were
classified as city subscribers and village subscribers. City subscribers
referred to those connected to city telephone networks in county towns and
cities, while village subscribers referred to those connected to village
telephone stations at and below counties. Since 1997, the classification
of telephone subscribers was modified on the basis of physical location of
the subscribers as “urban telephone subscribers” and “rural
telephone subscribers”, which is different from the previous
classification of categorizing “local telephones” and “rural
telephones”, while the definition of total subscribers and total number
of telephones remain unchanged.
Household
telephone subscribers refer to
telephone sets installed in the dwelling units of residents, include 3
types of payment for the service: private payment, public payment and free
service.
Private-paid telephone
subscribers
refer to subscribers of households who pay for the installation and
service of telephones.
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