Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Administrative
Division refers to
the division of administrative areas by the state. The Constitution of the
People Republic of China stipulates that the administrative areas in China
are divided as: 1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the central government; 2)
Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures,
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 3) Autonomous prefectures are
divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) Counties and
autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships and
towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided into districts and
counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish special
administrative regions.
Territory
refers to territorial land, sea and air space under the administration of
a sovereign state.
Climate
refers to the natural environmental status formed by the long-time
exchange of energy and mass between the earth and the air, and is the
results of interaction of many factors.
Climate is both one of the environment factors and the important
resources for the living and production activities of the human being. The
average values across several years of meteorological factors such as
temperature, rainfall and humidity are used as important parameters to
describe the climate of a region, while the average values (or total
values) of a given year or month of meteorological factors reflect the key
characteristics of climate for that period of time.
Natural
Resources refer to
material resources that could be obtained from the nature by human being
and used for production and living. Natural resources in general can be
classified as renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable
resources refer to resources that could be renewed and recycled during a
relatively short period of time, including land resource, water resource,
climate resource, biology resource and marine resource. Non-renewable
resources include resources that could not be renewed, such as minerals
and geothermal resource.
Land
Resource Land
refers to the surface of the earth, consisting of mainly rocks and its
whethering and earth. Land resource can be classified, by its utilization,
as land for agriculture, land for construction and unused land. Land for
agriculture includes cultivated land, plantation land, forestland,
grassland and waters. Land for construction includes land for residential
purpose, for manufacturing and mining, for transportation and for
water-conservancy projects. Unused land refers to land other than land for
agriculture and construction, including beaches, deserts, Gobi, glaciers
and rock mountains.
Area
of Cultivated Land refers
to land for the cultivation of various farm crops, including irrigated
land, manual-watered land, dry land and vegetable land.
Area
of Afforestated Land
refer to land for trees bamboo, bushes and
mangrove, including forest-cover land, bush-covered land, sparse forest
land, land planned for afforestation and nurseries of young trees.
Area
of Grassland
refers to areas of grassland, grass-slopes and grass-covered hills with a
vegetation-covering rate of over 5% that are used for animal husbandry or
harvesting of grass. It includes natural, cultivated and improved
grassland areas.
Forest
Resource
refers to forests, trees, forestland and wild animals, plants and
microorganism that live on forest and trees. Trees include trees and
bamboo. Forest refers to the population of
clusters of trees and other plants, animals and microorganism as
well as the earth and climate that have interactions with the trees.
Total
Standing Stock Volume
refers to the total stock volume of trees growing in land£¬including
trees in forest£¬
tress in sparse forest, scattered trees and trees planted by the side of
farm houses and along the roads, rivers and fields.ª¥
Forest
Area refers to the
area of forest land where trees and bamboo grow with canopy density above
0.2£¬including
land of natural woods and planted woods, but excluding bush land and thin
forest land. It reflects the total areas of afforestation£®ª¥
Stock
Volume of Forest
refers to total stock volume of wood growing in forest area£¬which
shows the total size and level of forest resources of a country or a
region£®It
is also an important indicator illustrating the richness of forest
resource and the status of forest ecological environment.
Forest
Coverage Rate
refers to the ratio of area of afforested land to total land area£®This
indicator shows the forest resources and afforestation progress of a
country or a region£®According
to regulations of the government£¬ in
addition to afforested land£¬the
area of bush forest, the area of forest land inside farm land and the area
of trees planted by the side of farm houses and along the roads, rivers
and fields should also be included in the area of afforested land in the
calculation of the forest coverage-rate. The formula for calculating
forest coverageª²rate is
as follows£º
Forestry
coverage rate (%)= (Area of Afforested Land/Area of Total Land)¡Á100%
Water
Resource Water
exists in the nature in solid, liquid and gaseous states, is distributed
in the ocean, land (including earth) and air, and constitutes the water
resource through the circulation of water. Water resource includes the
surface water and underground water that is controlled by the human being
for irrigation, power-generation, water supply, navigation and
cultivation. It also includes rivers, lakes, wells, springs, tides, gulf
and water area for cultivation. Water resource as an important natural
resource is indispensable for the development of the national economy.
Surface
Water and Underground Water. Water
on earth can be divided into surface water and underground water
accordingo its distribution. Surface water refers to moisture exists in
rivers, lakes, swamps, glaciers, icecaps and so on. It is also called land
water. The underground water refers to water deposited underground in the
cranny and the hole of saturated rock soil and in the water-eroded cave.
Inland
Water Area
refers to water area of rivers£¬lakes£¬ponds£¬reservoir£¬etc£®
Runoff
refers
to the water gathered at the way out of the cross section of drainage area
either from the surface or underground after deducting the wastage of the
precipitation. Runoff can be
divided into surface runoff, underground runoff and within soil runoff.
Surface runoff refers to water flow to the rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas
on the surface of the earth. Underground runoff refers to water flow to
rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas through the water-bearing stratum of
confined layer or unconfined layer.
Volume
of Runoff
refers to the total volume of water running through a certain cross
section of a river during a certain period of time, reflecting the water
resource condition in a country or a region. The formula for calculating
volume or runoff is as follows£º
Runoff
=Precipitation-Evaporation
Mineral
Resources refer to
useful minerals that can be used for industrial or agricultural purposes
enriched in lithosphere or on earth due to the geological process.
Ensured
Mineral Reserves
refer to the actual mineral reserves, which equal to the proven
mineral reserves (including industrial reserves and prospective reserves)
minus extracted parts and underground losses. This indicator shows the
current condition of the mineral resources of a country£®
Drainage
Area
Each river has its own main stream and branches to form the water system
of the river. Each river has its own catchment area, which is also called
as the drainage area of the river.
Out-flowing
Rivers refer to
rivers directly or indirectly flowing into the sea. The area providing
water to the out-flowing rivers is called as out-flowing area.
Inland
Rivers refer to
rivers in inland dry areas that die away in desert on the way or infuse
into inland lakes. The area providing water to the inland rivers is called
as inland area.
Temperature
refers to the air temperature. China uses centigrade as the unit. The
thermometry used for weather observation is put in a breezy shutter, which
is 1.5 meters high from the ground. Therefore, the commonly used
temperature refers to the temperature in the breezy shutter 1.5 meters
away from the ground. The calculation method is as follows:
Monthly
average temperature is the summation of average daily temperature of one
month divided by the actual days of that particular month.
Annual
average temperature is the summation of monthly average of a year divided
by 12 months.
Relative
Humidity refers to
the ratio of actual water vapor pressure to the saturation water vapor
pressure under the current temperature. The calculation method is the same
as that of temperature.
Volume
of Precipitation
refers to the deepness of liquid state or solid state (thawed) water
falling from the sky to the ground that has not been evaporated,
infiltrated or run off. The calculation method is as follows:
Monthly
precipitation is the summation of daily precipitation of a month.
Annual
precipitation is the summation of 12 months precipitation of a year.
Sunshine
Hours refer
to the actual hours of sun irradiating the earth. The calculation method
is the same as that of the precipitation
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